Quartzcrystal in the 18th century11/12/2022 ![]() The Independence of the United States from Great Britain occurred. These were the first European colonies in America to initiate a process of autonomy from the metropolis and therefore they became a model to follow for the other American territories, which sought independence from Spain and France.In 1789 the French Revolution broke out , overthrowing the monarchy and changing the power structures in France . As a consequence, important modern concepts emerged, such as citizenship , equality before the law, and people’s rights . The revolutionary process ended in 1804, when Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned emperor. #Quartzcrystal in the 18th century series#The First Industrial Revolution took place in England. This series of innovations in the mode of production of goods definitely changed the development of economic, social and political systems around the world, up to the present.The reign of the Bourbon dynasty began in Spain.The first European naturalist expeditions were carried out which, with new scientific approaches, began to explore areas of the world that were unknown to them, such as large sectors of America, Africa and Oceania. This produced for the first time a survey and geographic, biological and anthropological registry of extensive territories.Īmong the most important events of the 18th century, we can highlight that:.In the areas of social sciences, law and education, original thinkers who influenced the future organization of societies stood out . For example, Adam Smith in Economics, Charles Louis de Montesquieu in Politics, Hugo de Groot in Law, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi in Education, among others.The search for knowledge through human reason , characteristic of the Modern Age, reached all areas of knowledge. As a consequence, there was a strong development of modern sciences, astronomy, biology, chemistry and medicine. The first vaccines were made and new branches of mathematics were created, such as topology.There were numerous armed conflicts around the world. Europe was marked by several wars of succession in most of its territory.In France, the old estates regime, which divided society according to the birth of people, was put to an end . During the 19th century , this change would reach the rest of Europe.Several political and economic revolutions took place that modified both the structure of society and the relations between states.The most important characteristics of the 18th century were the following: Enhance your reading: Periods of Greek history/characteristics/religion/art/Sculpture 18th century characteristics ![]()
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